Summarize rod: big, thick, stick capable of smashing a skull (Numbers 24:17) and killing a man (Ex 21:10) a weapon used for protecting sheep (Ps 23:4).
At the time of the writing of the book of Proverbs a Shevet was understood to be an instrument to inflict pain, to kill and to maim.
Fools and servants were beat with a shevet across the back (not backside) to inflict pain, to cause them humiliation and to teach them submission.
Symoblized authority, tribe (family) and discipline.
Fools, servants and rebellious sons seemed to have been literally beat (but then again the other option was stoning to death).
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